jonathan edwards: a life by george marsden — a book review

“The works of Jonathan Edwards”, wrote President of Yale University Ezra Stiles in 1787, “in another generation will pass into as transient notice perhaps scarce above oblivion, and when posterity occasionally comes across them in the rubbish of libraries, the rare characters who may read and be pleased with them will be looked upon as singular and whimsical.”
thankfully, not all men were born to be prophets.
i have just completed (finally! after months of “pick up/put down” reading) reading the rather large biography of Jonathan Edwards, penned by Notre Dame professor George Marsden (which you should definitely buy. NOW!). This particular biography has been lauded as the authoritative and most comprehensive biography to ever tell the tale of Edwards’ life, while also being spoken of as the standard for generations to come. i guess that should serve as notice (or perhaps as a challenge) to those who may have dreams of writing the quintessential Edwards biography.
while President Stiles may have seen Edwards’ writings fading into the sunset a generation after the American Revolution, history has laid those claims to rest as Edwards is still regarded today as America’s most influential and famous theologian, although he was a British citizen for the whole of his life. what Marsden attempts to accomplish in his biography on Edwards is to “bridge the gap between the Edwards of the students of American culture and the Edwards of the theologians” by setting Edwards in his proper historical context while also paying particular attention to the greater theological question of taking Edwards’s works “seriously as part of the larger Christian tradition.” while many of Edwards’s views may seem antiquarian to 21st century readers, Marsden still hopes that glimmers of Edwards’s thought and works may find themselves appropriated in the lives of all who read him, especially in the lives of those who are Christians.
the reader is taken through the whole of Edwards’s life, from pre-birth to death, stopping along the way to expound on the important events that would not only shape the thought of the man, but also the thought and direction of the young British colonies. among the events that Edwards lived through were the Great Awakening of 1740-42 (of which he was deeply enthralled) and the French and Indian War. Edwards’s life was also placed in the middle of many intellectual and religious controversies as well. he lived in a world that was being tugged by two extremely opposing forces and worked tirelessly to balance them, hopefully, at least in his mind, to sway them back towards the former. two hundred years removed from the height of the Protestant Reformation and in the midst of the throes of the Enlightenment, Edwards found himself engrossed in many of the intellectual struggles of his day. he saw the religious fervor of the Reformation and Puritans dying down (even amidst short bursts of revival) in favor of the prevailing trends toward “reason” and “science” that would envelop the 19th century. he saw the colonies staunch Calvinism give way to Arminianism, Socinianism, and Deism as a nation struggled to identify and establish itself. but amidst all these struggles, he committed himself to the Scriptures and saw it as his duty to make sure that his family and those under his care as either congregant or student also committed themselves to Christ and paid no heed to the evils that Edwards saw seeping into the culture.
he identified these evils through his constant study of history. i think the most profound thing i took away from the book was Edwards’s great love for history, not only for history’s sake, but because it is through history that God has chosen to work and bring about His plan of redemption. a history major in my undergraduate years, i too have come into an appreciation of all of history as God’s sovereign plan to bring the nations unto himself and to slowly, yet lovingly and perfectly, make new of all things. Marsden writes,
History, according to Edwards, was in essence the communication of God’s redemptive love in Christ. The history of redemption was the very purpose of creation. Nothing in human history had significance on its own, any more than created nature had significance on its own. Christ’s saving love was the center of all history and defined its meaning. Human events took on significance only as they related to God’s redemptive action in bringing increasing numbers of humans into the light of that love or as they illustrated human blindness in joining Satan’s warfare against all that was good.
after spending a good amount of time just dwelling on that paragraph after reading it, i have come to the conclusion that that is why i love history so much and why i think that Edwards speaks to me so much. nothing of his that i have read is without historical significance, whether it’s obvious in his The History of the Work of Redemption or more subtle through the historical setup of his describing how one cannot appreciate true beauty unless that beauty is experienced first hand as he does in his sermon, A Divine and Supernatural Light. history is nothing if it is removed from God’s sovereign plan to redeem a people for himself and to return again at the consummation of all things in great judgment, but also in great love, peace, and holiness.
so i am grateful for having completed this book because i have come away with not only a greater appreciation and understanding of one of my heroes, but also because i have come away with a greater appreciation and understanding of my Savior and the work that He has done and continues to do through historical events, whether through the “great awakening” of hundreds of souls in 18th century New England, or the bombing of four London transportation vessels in 2005. all things, good or evil, will be made new through the blood of the Lamb in the outworking of history.
for those that have never read Edwards, i, of course, would absolutely recommend reading whatever you can get your hands on (although i would not recommend reading the “infamous” Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God first). i would start with A Divine and Supernatural Light, or The Religious Affections), and if you have never (God forbid!) heard of Jonathan Edwards or his work before, i will leave you with this summation of his theology:
God’s trinitarian essence is love. God’s purpose in creating a universe in which sin is permitted must be to communicate that love to creatures. The highest or most beautiful love is sacrificial love for the undeserving. Those–ultimately the vast majority of humans–who are given eyes to see that ineffable beauty will be enthralled by it. They will see the beauty of a universe in which unsentimental love triumphs over real evil. They will not be able to view Christ’s love dispassionately but rather will respond to it with their deepest affections. Truly seeing such good, they will have no choice but to love it. Glimpsing such love, they will be drawn away from their preoccupations with the gratifications of their most immediate sensations. They will be drawn from their self-centered universes. Seeing the beauty of the redemptive love of Christ as the true center of reality, they will love God and all that He has created.
amen.







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